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Wind & Structural Actions
Loads & Structural Dynamics
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ASCE 7 (7-10 / 7-16) / Thai Wind Standards
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AS/NZS 1170 Series (Part 0, 1, 2 & NZS 1170.5)
Structural Design Actions (Wind & Earthquake)
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Both standards utilize Limit State probabilistic wind load calculations. ASCE 7 basic 3-second gust wind speed, exposure categories, and pressure coefficients (Cp, GCpi) correspond directly to AS/NZS 1170.2 regional wind speeds (V_R), terrain height multipliers (Mz,cat), and internal/external aerodynamic shapes. Fully equipped to apply NZS 1170.5 response spectrum analysis and ductility factors (mu) for seismic drift and building envelope movement.
Application: High-rise curtain wall framing, parapet wind pressures, canopies, structural steel supports, anchor bolt tension/shear forces.
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Structural Steelwork Design
Structural Mechanics
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AISC 360-16 / AISC 341
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NZS 3404 / AS/NZS 5131
Steel Structures Standard & Structural Steelwork Fabrication
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Both AISC 360 and NZS 3404 are founded on Limit State Design (LSD) mechanics with capacity reduction factors (phi). Section classification (compact, non-compact, slender), member moment/axial buckling, connection bolt shear/bearing, weld throat checks, and prying action follow identical yield and stability criteria. AS/NZS 5131 Construction Categories (CC1–CC4) parallel industrial QA/QC welding traceability protocols practiced on power facilities.
Application: Façade steel bracket connections, industrial framing, pipe rack structures, crane girders, moment and shear connections.
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Concrete Structures & Anchorage
Anchorage & Concrete Design
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ACI 318 (incl. Ch. 17) & EN 1992-4
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NZS 3101:Part 1 & SA TS 101
Concrete Structures Standard & Design of Post-Installed/Cast-In Fasteners
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Post-installed mechanical/chemical anchors and cast-in channel fasteners designed to ACI 318 Chapter 17 and EN 1992-4 (concrete breakout, pullout, pryout, edge distance, spacing, and seismic cracked concrete modifiers) directly match SA TS 101 and NZS 3101 Appendix B requirements. Extensive experience with Hilti PROFIS, Fischer, and halfen cast-in channels translates immediately to New Zealand engineering consenting.
Application: Curtain wall floor-slab brackets, heavy equipment base plates, hold-down bolts, post-installed chemical anchors, shear lugs.
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Aluminum Curtain Wall Framing
Façade & Building Envelope
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AA ADM (Aluminum Design Manual) & AAMA TIR-A9
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AS/NZS 1664 (Parts 1 & 2)
Aluminum Structures (Limit State & Allowable Stress)
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AA ADM design criteria for extruded aluminum alloys (6063-T6, 6061-T6) addressing column buckling, local flange crippling, torsional-flexural buckling, and allowable serviceability deflections (L/175, L/240) provide the exact theoretical basis for AS/NZS 1664 limit state formulations. Thermal break fastener calculations per AAMA TIR-A9 provide robust engineering backup for thermal performance compliance.
Application: Stick and unitized curtain wall mullions, transoms, louvers, pressure plates, sunshade brackets, corner mullion split joints.
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Structural Glass & Silicone Glazing (SSG)
Glazing & Polymer Engineering
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ASTM E1300 & ASTM C1401
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NZS 4223 Parts 1–4
Code of Practice for Glazing in Buildings
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ASTM E1300 linear and non-linear large-deflection finite difference analysis (IGU, laminated, monolithic, curved glass) correlates directly to NZS 4223 structural wind resistance verification. Structural silicone bite depth and joint width sizing under ASTM C1401 for dynamic wind suction and cyclic thermal shear satisfy NZS 4223.2 structural sealant glazing mandates.
Application: Vision glass panels, insulated glass units (IGU), spider glass fittings, four-sided and two-sided SSG curtain walls, glass fin facades.
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