Kaskal Co., Ltd. | Samut Prakan, Thailand (July 2024 – Present)
Promoted to Senior Structural Engineer in July 2026
Commercial Curtain Wall, Glass & Anchorage Structural Engineering
Comprehensive structural design, finite element analysis (FEA), and statutory compliance checking for high-rise commercial curtain walls, bespoke aluminum profiles, glass panels, steel support brackets, and concrete anchorages.
Systems Engineered
Unitized, Stick, Semi-Unitized
FEA Solvers
Strand 7 & Inventor Nastran
Glass Verification
SJ Mepla & ASTM E1300
Anchor Standard
ACI 318 Ch. 17 / EN 1992-4
- Aluminum Curtain Wall Framing: Designed stick, unitized, and semi-unitized aluminum curtain wall framing to AA ADM (Aluminum Design Manual), checking deflection and stress limits.
- Steel Brackets & Wind Loads: Designed steel bracket supports to AISC 360 to transfer façade loads to the main structure, with wind loads per ASCE 7 and Thai standards.
- Structural Glass Analysis: Analysed insulated (IGU), curved, and large-deflection (non-linear) glass using ASTM E1300 and SJ Mepla.
- Structural Silicone Glazing (SSG): Sized structural silicone glazing (SSG) joints and bite depth to ASTM C1401.
- Concrete Anchorage & Fasteners: Designed cast-in channels and post-installed anchors to ACI 318 Chapter 17 and EN 1992-4, and checked thermal-break screw connections to AAMA TIR-A9.
- FEA Profile & Bracket Optimization: Used Strand 7 and Autodesk Inventor Nastran FEA to optimise custom aluminum brackets and cladding panels, reducing extrusion weight while meeting required safety factors.
- Peer Review & Supervision: Supervised junior structural engineers and checked their calculation reports before submission to clients, main contractors, and consultants.
Curtain Wall, Glass & Anchorage FEA — Project Visual Gallery
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Unitized Curtain Wall Engineering Calculation Package
Allowable Stress Design (ASD) — Service Wind Load • Commercial Office Headquarters — Unitized Curtain Wall, Bangkok, Thailand
ASD Wind Load Basis
Unitized Curtain Wall Engineering Calculation Package
Allowable Stress Design (ASD) — Service Wind Load • Commercial Office Headquarters — Unitized Curtain Wall, Bangkok, Thailand
Design Basis & Method: Allowable Stress Design (ASD) — Service Wind Load | NZ Alignment: NZ practice: limit-state design to AS/NZS 1170.2, AS/NZS 1664.1, NZS 4223
Governing Codes: AA ADM 2005 (Aluminum Allowable Stress Design), ASTM E1300-02/-16 (Glass Plate Large Deflection Analysis), ASTM C1401 (Structural Sealant Glazing Sizing), AAMA TIR-A9 (Fastener Group Shear Transfer in Aluminum), EN 1992-4 / ETAG 001 (Cast-In Channel Embedment)
Design Pressures: 1.25 kPa (Panel Type A Vision & Spandrel), 1.00 kPa (Panel Type B)
Deflection Criteria: Mullion & Transom normal to wall: Δ ≤ L/175; Glass Lite: min(L/90, 20mm) = 26.15mm; Transom Dead-Load Sag: min(L/300, 3.0mm) = 3.00mm
Software Solvers: Strand7 (Non-linear 2D plate & 3D frame FEA), PTC Mathcad 15, Halfen HTA 2.98
Structural Load Transfer Path (Wind & Gravity Actions)
Step 1
Design Wind Pressure (1.25 kPa)
Local wind tunnel peak positive and negative surface pressures applied across curtain wall envelope.
Step 2
IGU Glazing Lites (6HS+1.52PVB+6HS / 8HS)
ASTM E1300 non-linear 2D plate flexure transferring lateral surface loads to continuous boundary perimeter.
Step 3
Structural Silicone Glazing (SSG) Bite (14.5 mm)
ASTM C1401 dynamic tension and direct shear transfer bonding glass panes to extruded aluminium sub-frames.
Step 4
Horizontal Extruded Transoms (6063-T6)
Bi-axial flexure resisting normal wind pressures and vertical dead-load glass weight bending.
Step 5
Split Aluminium Mullions (6063-T6)
Span-length combined flexure and axial tension/compression spanning between primary structural floor slabs.
Step 6
Heavy Extruded Slab Brackets (6063-T6)
Custom hook-and-bolt interface transferring mullion end shears into dead-load and wind-load reactions.
Step 7
Cast-in Channel Anchors (Halfen HTA-CE 40/22P)
3-anchor cast-in channel embedment resisting combined tension pull-out and perpendicular slab edge shear.
Step 8
Reinforced Concrete Floor Slab Edge
Structural diaphragm resisting global windward thrust and leeward suction reactions.
Governing Structural Utilization Matrix (Curated 11 Governing Checks)
| # | Structural Element & Component | Governing Verification Criteria | Actual / Demand | Allowable / Capacity | Utilization (DCR) | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Glass Outer Lite (Laminated) | Non-linear large deflection (ASTM E1300) | 24.03 mm | 26.15 mm | PASS | |
| 2 | Glass Outer Lite (Laminated) | Maximum surface tensile stress (HS glass) | 16.16 MPa | 46.60 MPa | PASS | |
| 3 | Male Split Mullion | Combined bending & axial tension (AA ADM Sec. 3.4) | 53.59 MPa | 61.49 MPa | PASS | |
| 4 | Intermediate Mullion | Combined bending & axial tension | Combined stress check | Allowable stress limit | PASS | |
| 5 | Intermediate Mullion | Wind load lateral deflection (≤ L/175) | 19.70 mm | 25.10 mm | PASS | |
| 6 | Stack-Joint Sill Transom | Combined wind bending & dead load torsion | Combined stress check | Allowable stress limit | PASS | |
| 7 | Stack-Joint Sill Transom | Dead load vertical glass sag (≤ 3 mm) | 1.60 mm | 3.00 mm | PASS | |
| 8 | Structural Silicone (SSG) | Minimum bite width per ASTM C1401 | 10.87 mm | 14.50 mm prov. | PASS | |
| 9 | Cast-in Channel Anchors | Combined tension + shear interaction (ETA) | Combined interaction check | 1.00 | PASS | |
| 10 | Floor Slab Hook Bracket | 3D solid FEA Von Mises stress (6061-T6) | 158.25 MPa | 193.05 MPa | PASS | |
| 11 | Sill-to-Mullion Connection | Fastener group shear transfer (AAMA TIR-A9) | 1/4" Fastener group shear | Fastener group capacity | PASS |
Verified Calculation & FEA Excerpts (Candidate-Authored)
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